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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) , within the Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary federal agency that conducts biomedical research on kidney disease , as well as various other diseases and conditions . NIH's budget -$30 billion in fiscal year 2015 -mostly funds extramural research that supports research personnel working at universities, medical schools, and other institutions. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)-one of NIH's 27 institutes and centers (IC) -has primary responsibility for kidney disease research . NIH funding for biomedical research on kidney disease in fiscal year 2015 was approximately $564 million-an increase of 2.7 percent from fiscal year 2014. NIDDK provided the majority ( 60 percent) of this funding, supporting a broad range of projects , such as chronic kidney disease, end- stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment, and kidney donation. GAO also reviewed NIH research funding levels for other diseases and conditions in the United States -those that are associated with high mortality or are among t he most prevalent chronic conditions . GAO found that funding for fiscal year 2015 varied widely among these diseases and conditions -for example, from $ 28 million for emphysema to nearly $5.4 billion for cancer . This variation in funding reflects a range of factors, including each IC's mission, budget , and research priorities
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NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Kidney Disease Research Funding and Priority Setting
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